Births Involving Cesarean Section, VBAC, and Induction of Labor, by Maternal Risk Status,* 1990-2005**

Leading Causes of Injury Among Women Aged 18 and Older, by Age, 2006
Age Group Percent of Births
1990 1995 2000 2005
Cesarean Section (All Women) 22.7% 20.8% 22.9% 30.3%
Cesarean Section (Low-Risk Women) 19.6% 17.4% 19.1% 25.6%
VBAC (All Women) 19.9% 27.5% 20.6% 7.9%
VBAC (Low-Risk Women) 20.8% 29.3% 22.1% 8.3%
Induction of Labor (All Women) 9.5% 16.0% 19.9% 22.3%

*A low-risk woman is defined as one with a full-term (at least 37 completed weeks of gestation), singleton (not a multiple pregnancy), and vertex fetus (head facing in a downward position in the birth canal).
**Data after 2003 for C-sections and VBACs are from the 37 reporting areas using the 1989 Standard Certificate of Live Birth (unrevised) to maintain comparability with previous years’ data.

Source: Martin JA, Hamilton BE, Sutton PD, Ventura SJ, Menacker F, Kirmeyer S, Munson ML. Births: Final data for 2005. National vital statistics reports; vol 56 no 6. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm, accessed12/12/07.
Menacker F. Trends in cesarean rates for first births and repeat cesarean rates for low-risk women: United States, 1990–2003. National vital statistics reports; vol 54 no 4. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2005. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/births.htm, accessed 12/12/07.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. VitalStats. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/vitalstats.htm, accessed 12/12/07.

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